African pottery is a true marvel of artistry, with countless variations across the vast continent. West Africa, for instance, boasts intricate clay coils that rise into functional works of art. Meanwhile, Southern Africa impresses with smooth, burnished finishes perfected over generations. Historically, these pots weren’t just pretty to look at—they served as water vessels, cooking tools, and even ceremonial objects. Did you know some techniques date back over 10,000 years? Now that’s generational wealth.
In this article, we’ll dive into the fascinating history of African pottery, explore key techniques, and show you exactly why these ancient pieces make such remarkable additions to any modern home. Plus, we’ve rounded up seven stunning examples of African pots to inspire your decor. Get ready to see pottery in a whole new light.
In this article:
The Story Behind African Pottery
African pottery has been shaping history for over 12,000 years. That’s right—long before the wheel, artisans were molding clay into pots that were both practical and downright stunning. These weren’t your average containers. They carried drinks, stored grains, cooked delicious meals, and played star roles in rituals and celebrations.
As people moved across Africa, so did their pottery styles and techniques. Namely, the Igbo people of Nigeria created terracotta vessels that still amaze us today. Also, the Songye of Central Africa became famous for their striking tall-necked storage pots. Meanwhile, South African potters turned clay into polished pieces that could rival modern ceramics today.
Plus, on top of being functional, these pots also had meaning. They symbolized fertility, abundance, or even a family’s heritage in many cultures. In fact, some were so special they were passed down through generations.
That’s why African pottery isn’t just about the past. It’s a testament to human ingenuity and the ability to blend function with beauty. Each piece is like a time capsule, carrying the stories of those who crafted it centuries ago.
From Clay to Masterpiece: African Pottery Techniques
Making African pottery is no small feat—it’s a meticulous process that combines skill and experience. Here’s a step-by-step look at how potters would craft these beautiful pieces, all by hand.
Gathering and Preparing the Clay
First, the process begins by collecting clay from local sources, often during the rainy season when the earth is just right for harvesting. The potter’s assistants or younger members of the community would usually be the ones gathering the clay and preparing it. Then, the clay is kneaded and mixed to ensure it’s smooth and free of impurities, which is crucial for the final product.
Shaping the Pot
No machines here—this part is all about the hands. This was done thanks to a large variety of techniques. For example, coiling is well spread in West Africa. This method consists in stacking long strips of clay then smoothing them together to form the shape of the pot. Alternatively, some potters would use other pots as molds. It is one of the secret weapons of African pottery. Either way, the process requires precise skill to reach the right shape and thickness, while making sure the pot can hold its own.
Letting the Pot Dry and Decorating
Once shaped, the pots are left to air dry completely. This is a crucial step, as rushing it could cause cracks or breakage. After drying, potters often add embellishments such as carvings, patterns, or even textured designs. However, these decorative touches aren’t just for beauty—they’re a way for tribes, or even individual potters, to develop a signature style.
Firing in the Kiln (or Open Fire)
Here’s where African pottery becomes long-lasting. After the pots have dried, they’re carefully fired at low heat. Usually, they’re placed in an open fire fueled by local wood branches or short straws. This method helps preserve the pot’s resilience, unlike high-heat firing, which could make them more fragile. As a finishing touch, some tribes like the Zulu use a special burnishing technique. After the pot has been fired, it’s polished using wax or animal fat, giving it a shine that reflects light in the most captivating way.
An Exclusive Craft: Who Gets to Make African Pottery
In many African communities, the art of pottery is reserved for specific people, often passed down through generations. For example, in certain tribes, only women may be allowed to make pottery, while in others, skilled potters are chosen based on their family history. This exclusive approach helps preserve the tradition and ensures that each piece comes from deep roots.
Let’s look at a few stunning examples in our next section.
7 Remarkable African Pottery Designs You Can’t Miss
In this section, we’re diving into 7 unique styles of African pottery, each hailing from different corners of the continent. Intricate designs from Mali meet the bold shapes of Nigeria, each pot a testament to the rich cultures it comes from. These designs showcase the craftsmanship that have made African pottery truly one-of-a-kind.
1. Zulu Beer Pot, South Africa
This Zulu beer pot, crafted by a South African woman artisan, plays an essential role in Zulu culture. Indeed, it is used in the brewing and sharing of sorghum beer. Known as Ukhamba, these pots are designed for communal use, with delicate walls and a unique lack of a lip or foot. The surface is adorned with raised ‘warts,’ which not only add decorative charm but also serve as a practical grip.
2. Bamana pot, Mali
The Bamana people of Mali are known for their stunning pottery. In this culture, pottery is a craft passed down through generations of women coming from a specific lineage. They create beautiful water jars, pitchers, and cooking pots, often decorated with spiritual symbols. After firing, the pots are dipped in a special bath, giving them a striking blackened finish
3. Igbo Terracotta Jar, Nigeria
In another style, Igbo pottery is celebrated for its elegance and artistry. Made by women using the coiling technique, these pots are beautifully decorated. For instance, this terracotta jar is adorned with intricate incised patterns and raised, flower-like shapes. It was probably used to carry water or palm wine.
4. Songye Water Pot, Democratic Republic of Congo
The Songye people of Central Africa are also known for their distinctive pottery style. In general, their pots have a large, spherical base with a tall neck that tapers to a smaller diameter, giving them a vase-like shape. They’re often decorated with a mix of incised lines and rolled wire. Like many other tribes, these clay pots were—and still are—used for cooking and storing water.
5. Lobi Breawing Pot, Burkina Faso
On their end, the Lobi people are famous for their sacred spike-style pottery. The point of spikes on the surface was to discourage handling, especially by children, to protect its purpose. However, the Lobi made various types of ceramics, including brewing pots like this one. First, potters would start by forming the base with a lump of clay. Then, they would build the walls with coils. This pot also features a lower section decorated with twisted metal wire and two handles on either side, suggesting it was used over heat.
6. Nupe Filter Pot, Nigeria
In the close-by Nigeria’s Niger state, the Nupe people have an equally long tradition of creating beautiful African pottery designs. Their style is seamlessly elegant, with pots featuring graceful shapes and intricate designs, often made with a comb or freehand incisions. For instance, this particular pot has a smaller top chamber sitting above a larger one. They are connected by a narrow neck, indicative of its filter function.
7. Ladi Kwali Pot, Nigeria
Finally, no discussion of remarkable African pottery would be complete without mentioning Ladi Kwali. She was a 20th-century potter from Nigeria who rose to international fame thanks to her exceptional skills. Born in the village of Kwali, in central Nigeria, Ladi Kwali began her craft under the guidance of her aunt. Quickly after that, she got noticed and moved to the capital city, Abuja. There, she refined her technique, creating glazed pots adorned with intricate, hand-carved designs, often featuring animals. Today, her work is still considered fine art, and she remains one of Nigeria’s most celebrated potters.
How to Make African Pottery the Star of Your Space
In this day and age, we’re lucky to have access to stunning, ancient African pottery. By looking in the right place, these beautiful pieces can be yours to admire and showcase in your own space. So, how can you highlight these treasures in your home? Let’s dive in!
Where to Find African Pottery
If you’re looking to purchase a piece of African pottery, you’re in for a treat. Khayni offers a large pot selection, with plenty from the Zulu people, plus many other exceptional pieces from different African communities. Alternatively, Paulski Art offers Zulu pots with unique designs in a small selection. Meanwhile, Beck Ernst has a great collection of various pots and vessels that are definitely worth checking out.
How to Style African Pottery in Your Home
When it comes to displaying your African pottery, you want to make sure it is front and center. Here are a few ideas to inspire your interior:
- Make it the centerpiece: Place a standout pot on a console table in your entryway, living room, or dining room. It’ll instantly grab attention and add a highly sophisticated feel.
- Opt for a charming chimney: A great spot is to place your ancient African pot on top of a chimney. Thanks to the chimney’s height, it becomes a striking focal point.
- Even better, highlight it in a wall niche: For a truly elegant effect, display your pottery in a wall niche. As such, it’ll draw the eye and beautifully frame the piece.
To sum up, African pottery is a link to centuries of culture and creativity.
Indeed, although these pots were originally crafted for function, they stand as exquisite works of art today. They spark conversations, connecting us to rich craftsmanship across Africa. Therefore, whether as a striking centerpiece or nestled in a cozy corner, African pottery is sure to add timeless charm to any space.
Interested in African art? Discover our take on Traditional African Art: 5 Fascinating Pieces to Know.
